The java fern is an aquatic fern (family: Polypodiaceae) found in the regions of Southeast Asia. They are salty in nature and grow in a sluggish pace. They spread by propelling shoots and are reproduced by peewee adventitious plants forming on older leaves. They have a relatively bitter taste and hence fish are not harmful to it. They survive in relatively low temperatures and neutral pH

Water sprites belong to the family of Parkeriaceae; they are beautiful plants, have different dimensions and are usually rooted in mud. They are pan-tropical plants and grow rapidly when given high light intensities. Also known as water ferns, they are used for decoration or eaten as a vegetable, however they have been reported as cancerous. They display immense seasonality and grow from spores.

Found in tropical areas the Malayan Fern is a beautiful amphibious fern that grows fast in nominal light and faintly acidic conditions. Their rhizomes are affixed to woods near the periphery of streams and their roots are slightly embedded into the surface. They grow up to a feet and disseminate their shoots which further grow into smaller ferns.

Crystalwort is common in almost everywhere in the world. It has beneficial properties because it keeps algae levels low in the water and when provided with sufficient nutrients, it increases the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. Crystalwort grows on the surface and forms a dense green layer under bright light. Because of its meshed structure, it is prone to entangle rubbish. It grows in neutral pH and room temperature.